Care of victims who have symptoms of fractures and / or sprains

Situation
The victim shows symptoms of a bone injury and / or sprains.

definition
After the victim was subjected to a / some strengths andtraumatic experiences, it presents:
• localized pain,
and / or
• any loss of function of joints and / or bone
and / or
• swelling and / or deformation of joints and / or bone
and / or
• abnormal position of joints and / or bone
and / or
• a wound and / or created by bone trauma hemorrhage ortraumatic force.


Risks
A fracture or a sprain is a source:
1. pain,
2. local secondary complications and / or general damageincluding:
a. Skin
b. muscles
c. blood vessels
d. nerves, including spinal cord
e. internal organs including brain, lungs, etc..


These risks may be increased bone movement within the area injured.
Principles of action1. Injured area should be immobilized.2. Any movement of the injured area should be prevented.3. Development of complications should be prevented or diminished
Principles techniquesFirst aid person should explain the victim intended to be made at each step, seeking cooperation / collaboration it.
Technology: General management of fractures and / or sprains
Step 1Stabilize the injured.
Key aspects of step 1• Ask the victim to remove potentially constrictive items such as rings, bracelets, wristwatch, etc.. if they are inside or near the injured area and if possible without causing new pests / negative consequences.• Verify the existence of peripheral circulation. (See Chapter: Care of a massive external bleeding victims of a skin wound).• Prepare the necessary materials:• a hard surface, rigid, straight• Fixing material (eg. A large bandage)• Fix the injured area considering the following principles:• act slowly and carefully, avoiding contact with / or injured member or its movement,• hold the position in which the member was found,• keep the injured area with a hard surface, rigid, payment or part of the body unharmed (member healthy, trunk or finger), meanwhile protecting all contact points between body and equipment.• Make sure that the joints above and below the wound are also fixed,• fixed material (eg. With bandage), without going over the hurt and not too tight.• tight clothing, shoes, etc.. should be weakened, but the victim should not be barefoot.• Limit any movement of the victim as much as possible.
Justification step 1• Movement of fractures can involve serious complications (eg. Damage to blood vessels) and amplify pain.• peripheral circulation should be evaluated in order to estimate the possible complication of bone injury on blood vessels before and after fixing the injured party.• rings, bracelets, wristwatch, etc.. can become a factor if compression around the injured area to develop edema. This compression has negative consequences, especially to limit or block blood flow.
Note 1: technique is used when there is no emergency service able to reach the scene, the victim needed transportation. First aid person can be instructed by a dispatcher or emergency service to use this technique.When an emergency department will arrive at the scene, the person first aid should be only to prevent any movement of the injured limb.
Note 2: Full immobilization should be done by emergency service personnel. If there is no way to activate this service, this task may return the person first aid. A restraint requires a degree of experience which is obtained from regular training practice or refresh.
Therefore this technique should be seen as being somewhat difficult to teach inexperienced persons. So people who attend the training must be selected and encouraged to learn it and to regularly refresh the theoretical and practical knowledge. This is why this technique should be used in certain circumstances, when:
• there is no emergency service available, all or in a reasonable timeframe,• dispatcher asks the person providing assistance to transport the victim to a medical service.
Note 3: In extreme cases, can be considered realignment member found in an abnormal position. Circumstances related primarily to an absence or a very long delay that emergency services can reach the accident or can not reach. Technical objective is to bring the member position almost "normal".
Requires special training and regular training. Therefore the choice of this technique involves a degree of experience, gained from regular training practice or refresh. Therefore this technique should be seen as being somewhat difficult to teach inexperienced persons. So people who attend the training must be selected and encouraged to learn it and to regularly refresh the theoretical and practical knowledge.
Step 2Evaluated the effectiveness of intervention.
Key aspects of step 2
• Make sure the injured area is fixed.• Assess the victim's suffering, which should stop or reduce significantly.• Ensure that the peripheral circulation is present.
Justification for step 2• Technology should be efficient, avoiding any movement of the injured limb. Therefore should have rapid effects of pain felt by the victim.• An inappropriate technique can also damage blood vessels, mobilizing accidentally fractured bones.